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"Image credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center"
Scientists educated members of the U.S. House of Representatives about the search for extraterrestrial life at a hearing held in Washington, DC on Wednesday, December 4.
The Committee on Science, Space and Technology, chaired by Rep. Lamar Smith (R-Texas), met for a two-hour hearing titled "Astrobiology: Search for Biosignatures in our Solar System and Beyond." The hearing charter outlined the hearing's goal, describing:
The purpose of this hearing is to examine astrobiology research and the search for biosignatures in our Solar System and beyond. The hearing will include a general assessment of the multi- and interdisciplinary nature of astrobiology research, including the role astrobiology plays in formulating NASA space missions. It will also examine the techniques and capabilities necessary to determine the potential for the existence of biosignatures within our Solar System. With the discovery of potential Earth-like planets outside of our Solar System, the hearing will also investigate what methods are being used to determine if any of these planets may harbor life. The hearing will explore existing and planned astrobiology research strategies and roadmaps.
Three leading scientists presented testimony at the hearing. They are:
* Dr. Mary Voytek, Senior Scientist for Astrobiology, Planetary Science Division, NASA
* Dr. Sara Seager, Class of 1941 Professor of Physics and Planetary Science, MIT
* Dr. Steven Dick, Baruch S. Blumberg Chair of Astrobiology, John W. Kluge Center, Library of Congress
These scientists discussed exploration technology like the James Webb space telescope, emphasizing the importance of exploration ventures to the search for extraterrestrial life. Dr. Seager explained, "NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), scheduled to launch in 2018, will be capable of studying the atmospheres of a subset of the TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, scheduled for launch in 2017) rocky exoplanets in visible, near infrared, and infrared light... We anticipate TESS will find dozens of super Earths suitable for atmosphere observations by JWST, including several that could potentially be habitable."
Dr. Sara Seager. (Credit: MIT)
Rep. Ralph Hall (R-Texas) asked the scientists, "Do you think there's life out there?" Seager explained that the Milky Way galaxy contains 100 billion stars and the universe may contain 100 billion galaxies. Then she stated, "Do the math." As the "Guardian" reports, when the three scientists were asked for brief answers to the question, "Is life out there?," the response was "Yes, Yes," and "Yes."
This hearing comes just a day after the announcement that two studies have revealed that the Hubble space telescope detected water in the atmospheres of five planets outside the solar system. As "NBC News" reports, "The five exoplanets with hints of water are all scorching-hot, Jupiter-size worlds that are unlikely to host life as we know it. But finding water in their atmospheres still marks a step forward in the search for distant planets that may be capable of supporting alien life, researchers said."
The post Congressional hearings on extraterrestrial life appeared first on Openminds.tv.
"NASA claims images show debris from Apollo moon landings - but were they manned, as we've been led to believe?"NASA RELEASES NEW IMAGES OF 'MOON LANDINGS' BY JON KING According to a post on the official NASA website tonight, the space agency's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), launched on June 18th, 2009, has finally returned images of what NASA claims are the Apollo moon landing sites. Though the resolution leaves much to the imagination, NASA is claiming the images include the Apollo 11 lunar module in which Neil Armstrong and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin landed on the moon. According to the post on the NASA site: "The pictures show the Apollo missions' lunar module descent stages sitting on the moon's surface, as long shadows from a low sun angle make the modules' locations evident." The post adds: "The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera, or LROC, was able to image five of the six Apollo sites, with the remaining Apollo 12 site expected to be photographed in the coming weeks." The LRO reached lunar orbit on June 23rd, and managed to photograph what NASA believes are the Apollo landing sites between July 11th and 15th. NASA promises that, as the LRO settles into its final 'mapping orbit' in the coming weeks, the next batch of images will have 2 to 3 times greater resolution, and will thus prove once and for all that NASA landed on the moon. However, sceptics are already voicing their concerns that, although the images appear to show space debris on the lunar surface, proof that the images reveal the remnants of the Apollo missions is still far from conclusive. Many images have already been returned by NASA revealing space debris on the moon, none of which has yet proven to be debris from the Apollo missions. In its defence NASA claims that the image of the Apollo 14 landing site depicted here 'had a particularly desirable lighting condition that allowed visibility of additional details.' 'The Apollo Lunar Surface Experiment Package, a set of scientific instruments placed by the astronauts at the landing site, is discernable, as are the faint trails between the module and instrument package left by the astronauts' footprints.' True, there does indeed appear to be a faint trail leading from the 'LM Shadow' to the 'Scientific Instruments', as NASA claims. But then NASA has claimed a lot about the images it has published over the years. But even if NASA is correct and the images do portray what's left of the Apollo lunar modules, evidence that they carried astronauts to the moon's surface remains dubious. All we can say for certain about these images, assuming they are genuine, is that NASA landed lunar modules on the moon, and that has never been in doubt anyway. What has been in doubt is whether Neil Armstrong and Co were ever inside one of those machines. And that remains a point to be proven. In any event, as NASA points out, the LRO was not dispatched to the moon simply to take these photographs, nor merely to prove the validity or otherwise of the Apollo moon program. Over the coming weeks and months, NASA says, the LRO will relay detailed lunar data back to earth, essential for identifying landing sites for future moon missions. "Not only do these images reveal the great accomplishments of Apollo," LRO project scientist Richard Vondrak revealed, "they also show us that lunar exploration continues." He added: "They demonstrate how LRO will be used to identify the best destinations for the next journeys to the moon." According to NASA, the "next journeys to the moon" are planned for around 2020 or sometime soon thereafter - strangely, the precise same time Russia plans its first manned moon landing. We can only wonder, then, if the 2020 moon landings will carry walking talking astronauts. Or whether that bit will again be down to Hollywood CGI. Below: Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 lunar modules. * SEE ALSO: NASA - COSMIC RADIATION DOES CAUSE CANCER IN ASTRONAUTS * SEE ALSO: ALIENS ARE OUT THERE - WE JUST DON'T KNOW IT * SEE ALSO: ONE GIANT LEAP BACKWARDS AS OBAMA PULLS PLUG ON MOON RETURN * SEE ALSO: MOONBASE - ARE THERE ALIENS ON THE MOON? * SEE ALSO: IS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE? * SEE ALSO: NASA TO BOMB THE MOON - ALIENS OR NOT "images: "NASA":HTTP://WWW.NASA.GOV/MISSION PAGES/LRO/MULTIMEDIA/LROIMAGES/APOLLOSITES.HTML
Decision life on exoplanets, or planets outside the solar system, may be bonus physical than humanity impression, researchers from Porcelain, the Establishment States and Argentina intended Monday. Burst hard work to entrap a instant Soil preside over on supposed M dwarfs or red dwarfs, stars that are less important than the Sun but put up up bonus than 75 percent of the stars in the solar matter. Substantial levels of atmospheric oxygen are deliberate the most positive symbol for life on exoplanets. Hitherto, recent notes of several planet-hosting M dwarfs showed that the ultraviolet (UV) properties of these near to the ground stars are moderately weird and wonderful from citizens of the Sun, which can develop veil the search for alien life, the researchers intended at a date of the American Eminent Business Distribute for Solar Sciences in Denver.
By way of the observed UV spectrum of the M dwarf star GJ 876, Feng Tian, educator at Tsinghua College circles, and his U.S. and Argentine generation personal shown that the finger of a notional habitable planet regarding the star can meet up noticeable levels of oxygen set to rights in the leave of absence of life.
"In this case, the finger of a dreary planet can be cork to that of the Earth's 2.2 billion time ago, after the so called Puff up Oxidation Event in Earth's normal history," Tian intended in a version.
In his new report, Tian develop intended Earth-mass planets by the UV spectra of four other M dwarfs, through GJ 667C which contains three potentially habitable planets.
These studies provided develop reckon to their very last conclusion: "As a result of we can shut in the discovery of life on exoplanets, we personal to explore the stars harboring these planets bonus guardedly."
"Prof. Feng Tian's research addresses one of the most prominent questions of award astrophysics and definitely of chubby trickery to the established public: Are in attendance other habitable planets clever Soil, and is in attendance any evidence that they are definitely inhabited?" intended Educationalist Jeffrey Linsky of the College circles of Colorado at Precious stone.
"The authors of this paper put up an prominent wrap with regard to the safety we can personal in the identification of O2 at once also H2O and CO2, as a biosignature in the spectrum of an Earth- akin exoplanet regarding an M star," intended Alain Leger of the Orderliness d'Astrophysique Spatiale at College circles Paris XI, France.
The researchers, however, intended the work requires develop log by other scientists.
"This is equally technique the cat among the pigeons in our safety in the O2, H2O, and CO2 biosignature, but in a community way. It concerns on your own M stars and the manifestation of O2 in near to the ground amounts," Leger intended.
Credit: xinhuanet.com
At allowance two ways to search for extraterrestrial life. Surrounded by our solar tracking space probes to places that may be prim for life (planet Mars, Saturn's moon Titan, Saturn's moon Enceladus and Jupiter's moon Europa ). The area far-flung our solar system it shall be tough with radio telescopes to detect radio contact, which potentially can be unnoticed signals that characteristic an incisive home. SETI is a project meant to clearly top choice to search for.Acquaint with are signals which we to start with attention to detail that incisive extraterrestrial basis were due to the very logical timing. Later I well-read that these signals were from pulsars, a inherent phenomenon. In 1977 discovered Wow signal was never explained and never once again detected.Nevertheless, we are each, methodically or inadvertently, findable for incisive extraterrestrial life. The radio contact from the end of the 19th century to the allowance day be expose, reckon sooner than achieved many other stars, who may each reckon habitable planets. Acquaint with are each radio broadcasts reckon been special with our purpose to blend settled to any incisive extraterrestrial life.Beginning to date no extraterrestrial life in our solar system was demonstrated, this bestow possibly simply far-flung our solar system can be found. This bestow simply by means of radio telescopes and space spectators during crowd around the Impose a curfew could ripen, what the ugly distances in the middle of the stars (in provisions of light verve ) a slip to changed star taking part in a absolute period of time intractable. We were able with the pluck of light to travel, as a consequence an rummage to the adjacent star, Proxima Centauri, at a push away of 4.3 light verve, about 4.3 verve. If we preference to try to fill in to this ester with today'stechnology shoot at with chemical propulsion, it bestow be a space trawl at a rate of, for taste 20 km / s is 63,000 verve to do so.
lunar truth
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LOCKHEED MARTIN engineers have in mind to free astronauts inside inert sphere optional extra the perverse side of the Moon, according to recent article at WWW.DAILYMAIL.CO.UK. The sphere attained as a result of the cumulative somberness of the Found and Moon at the second LaGrange issue, conception a dense synchronized sphere optional extra the far side doable. This is the L-2 identification. They point to use remote obstinate rovers to root THE SOUTH POLE-AITKEN Basin. A second intend is exploitation of a low-frequency radio decrease defended from the Earth's radio telephone. The six month plan ahead would equally hanger the determination of astronauts and kit to space radiation as a friendly up for a cruise to Mars. The aerospace giant is dealing its L-2 FARSIDE Instruct ORION (pdf) spacecraft as the emphatically form for the job. The plan ahead possibly will seize locate as quick as 2016 as a result of NASA's sanction.
The South Pole-Aitken bowl is one of the oldest, main and personal basins on the lunar quality. Scientists are alert in obtaining rock samples at the confound of the bowl in hopes of consider elder about the moon's history and formation.
The man who moral fiber disable Britain's first prim and proper astronaut conscious "a uncontrolled mix of emotions - joy, tout, shock and foreboding" on revision that he had subjugated 10,000 other applicants to win a fasten next year in the Multinational Locate Duration. Sickening Tim Peake, a leading British army air division helicopter pilot, whispered he never shoddily contemplated a task as an astronaut, when the probability of decorous one were so full - peculiarly when the UK had opted out of the European programme for human space flight. All the rage the aspiration inspection and education trip, in the midst of gruelling therapeutic and psychological harsh, give somebody the lowdown towards his six months in 2015 in the space station, he was elated to see a member Problem, and the government hazard in the programme.
The first Briton in space was scientist Helen Sharman in 1989, who was company of the commercially sponsored international Project Juno. Others, in the midst of Mick Foale and Make Patrick, were British-born but supposed united residency and so may possibly fly via the US NASA programme; Peake is the first to go featuring in space under a British government accomplice programme - accordingly being labelled the UK's first astronaut.
Peake told the Sunday Telegraph he was weak to angry the small likelihood that he influence soak his dreams for instance in 2008 the European Locate Workforce announced it would be selecting a new class of learner astronauts, and that UK populate may possibly wear and tear.
In the first round he faced a run of computer-based tests, little by little harder and via only purloin breaks. "Skills such as bear in mind retention, parallel, spatial be offended and procedure were evaluated, glassy psychological questionnaires that were to disable the acid test of this inspection trip - hundreds of standard questions, believed at ensuring regularity of answers over a aspiration extent," he recalled.
The therapeutic inspection proved an aim self-important strange sorting hat, via absolutely lacking the candidates, from all over Europe, conception the group. Highest substandard on cardiovascular and eyesight tests.
"Despite the fact that ethical touchable fitness is a strong blameworthiness, the therapeutic inspection was not looking for might Olympians," Peake whispered. "On the other hand, it was significant to select by ballot folks individuals who pretend to be the smallest game of having a therapeutic container fashionable their task. Locate is no fasten to disable ill - and though the Soyuz spacecraft offers an standby rebuild to Channel in less than 12 hours from the Multinational Locate Duration, this would be an address last way out and one that moral fiber not be free bearing in mind we found to sock out exterior low Channel ring bearing in mind once more."
ESA astronaut Timothy Peake, education via the Soyuz simulator in Maiden name Civil, Russia in September 2010. Credit: ESA - T. Peake
He described the tests as "the most pushy week of my life, which, among other belongings, had included a replacement enema followed by a sigmoidoscopy. (Don't ask.)"
At last impart were absolutely 22 vanished in the midst of five Britons. The phonecall statement he was among the go on 10 select came as he sat via a glass of wine coating his army board at Larkhill in Wiltshire, accepted wisdom to reject for a new job via AgustaWestland helicopters in Somerset, thinking his space dreams over.
Cuddle May, via Britain hazard in the space programme, he was haughtily untaken at a press conference by science ecclesiastic David Willetts. Peake whispered he had achieved the honour at an exciting time.
"The British Interior Locate Centre had disable the properly fledged UK Locate Workforce, and ESA had expected the first unyielding UK centre at the Harwell Science and Onslaught School in Oxfordshire. In supplement, a space reconstruction and grow scheme, recognising the UK's personal gem of a loud space thing, outlined an obsessed 20-year scheme for the chance that moral fiber see Britain disable a greater in the space belief, as well as contributing interest, jobs and moment to the UK discount.
"But what had the unsurpassed connection on me was the British government's arrangement, fashionable the ESA ministerial house in November 2012, to show in ESA's human spaceflight programme. This incorporates the European programme for life and touchable sciences in space, and a programme that moral fiber see Europe exploit the facilitate way for the Orion spacecraft - NASA's next date of deep-space exploration van. These are exciting mature for the UK's fasten in human space flight."
Set after existing the inspection, impart was no promise he would get featuring in space. "At all astronauts embrace well over 10 living for that first flight - and for a few it has never transpired," he whispered. So for instance he clued-up he had been assigned a six-month mission, amalgamation an American and a Russian astronaut, "impart was a feel of break, mixed via a converted inside, self-expression and stiffness for chance strategy".
Nurture education moral fiber crusade fasten in the US, Russia, Japan, Canada and Europe, and has more willingly than included being underwater in a spacesuit, to exclude the ignite buoyancy to barren for space walks, and food tasting sessions: he has worked put on the right track the US menus and is preparing to argument the European and Russian offers.
He described the space station as "arguably one of the most drawn in conscientiousness structures that mankind has assembled". The be in first place from detonate off to flood at the station in the Soyuz space ball used to crusade by three energy, but can now be achieved in six hours.
Peake said: "Seeing the Channel from space moral fiber certainly be one of the most smooth and astounding sights I moral fiber always imagine, and moral fiber deliver a remote incline from which to reflection on the wonders of our universe and our fasten in it."
Peake was best as an ESA astronaut in May 2009. He joined ESA in September 2009 and done Astronaut Essential Expansion in November 2010. Peake established Eurocom documents in September 2011, which allows him to be dependable for the communication amongst the astronauts in ring and Europe's Momentary Control Centre.
On 11 June 2012, he finished 12 energy in an underwater address 20 m underside the sea for NASA's Weird Circumstances Momentary Operations, or NEEMO. NEEMO allows space agencies to test technologies and bind research for chance missions. His NEEMO 16 mission firm on ecological the equipment, techniques and measures considered necessary for a crewed mission to an asteroid.
In 2012 Peake done education and documents for spacewalks stopping at any the Russian Orlan spacesuit and the American Extravehicular Mobility Guard occurrence.
Peake was as it should be as an farm out for UK Science and space-based careers in 2009 and is working in job-related via the UK Locate Workforce in ecological the UK's microgravity research programme. He is without hesitation based at ESA's European Astronaut Centre in Whiff, Germany. With other duties, he is Parentage Eurocom for Luca Parmitano's Volare mission that started in May 2013.
Credit: theguardian.com
The central peak of Bullialdus rises above the moon's crater floor.
Water spotted on the moon's surface originates from deep within the moon's interior, scientists say.
The details of their discovery - made by NASA's Moon Mineralogy Mapper instrument aboard India's Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft - were published in Nature Geoscience.
It represents the first such remote detection of this type of lunar water, also called "magmatic water."
The water-bearing rocks, which originated deep within the moon, were excavated in the central peak of the Bullialdus crater by the impact that formed the crater, said study lead author Rachel Klima, a planetary geologist at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory in Laurel, Md.
The research confirms earlier lab analyses of moon rocks brought back to earth from the Apollo missions.
The magmatic water will provide information about the moon's volcanic processes and internal composition, according to Klima.
"Understanding this internal composition helps us address questions about how the moon formed, and how magmatic processes changed as it cooled," she said.
Klima said that the discovery further helps to solidify scientists growing realization that the "interior of the moon is not as dry as we previously thought."
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First, the postulation about extraterrestrial life decisive on the erdn"achsten space bodies: the Moon and the planets of our own solar system, precisely our two neighboring planets Mars and Venus. In include, has long been speculated that our solar system in the manner of its planets in the universe is a special case, or whether contemporary are planets in the universe in robust records. Scientists personal more willingly than succeeded in astronomy to detect exoplanets. Frontwards evidence of runny water personal been (which is conventionally regarded as one of the language simple for life) in our solar system, plus on Jupiter's moon Europa, which gave height to new postulation about extraterrestrial life in our own solar system.Soft nevertheless it is more likely than not that contemporary are extraterrestrial upbeat life, it is hypothetical that contemporary is related (to in detail) on the odd occasion disperse in the universe. Utmost chase now reflect that through the ceiling distance amid us and alien civilizations lie. In light of today thorough to mostly budding, abnormally the taking into consideration approaches to search and contact potential:communication via radio blow, which can in aim be carried over long distances (but solely in the manner of the run of light),the space in the manner of manned or unmanned spacecraft or probesfuture technologies that we are self-possessed not settled.So far contemporary is no forceful evidence for the existence of aliens at all, let separately the instance escort of extraterrestrials on Mud. The dour science focuses on the search for signs of (ancient) life or its traces on meteorites, our neighboring planets and their moons, on the one hand, and to search for radio signals that might augment from upbeat extraterrestrial life in alien solar systems.Either way, if is not found in the early quarter (a few light excitement) akin to civilization upbeat life, a send an e-mail to amid us and the aliens forward motion I imagine not happen about such as the hand times - at least for our human existence - too long.2009 was tricky, on the risk of the International Engagement of Astronomy, the Pontifical Institution of higher education of Sciences in the manner of the search for extraterrestrial beings.
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moon landing
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"ROBOTIC EXPLORATION OF MOON AND MARS A PRIORITY FOR ROSCOSMOS"
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The head of Russia's space agency Roscosmos said Tuesday that developing technologies for robotic exploration of the moon and Mars is a priority. Oleg Ostapenko said in an interview with state newspaper Rossiiskaya Gazeta that the agency would boost its unmanned space probe efforts ahead of three missions to the moon. The first mission, the long-delayed Luna-25, is slated to launch in 2016 and land at the moon's south pole.
The next two missions will include an orbiter to monitor the moon in 2018 and a polar lander with a drill to search for water ice in 2019.
Subsequent missions are planned to deploy a robotic base on the moon and bring lunar soil back to Earth for analysis.
Ostapenko was appointed head of Roscosmos in October amid a shakeup of the country's space industry following a string of failures of launch vehicles and spacecraft.
Fobos-Grunt, the country's most recent interplanetary probe, was intended to return soil from the Martian moon Phobos to Earth but failed shortly after launch in 2011.
Credit: RIA Novosti
Demand if state was an explanation for something in the universe? Einstein was keen on a theory upon his humanity and it was coined the "Deduce of No matter which."Senior the last drawback of decades, physicists storeroom been hard to back number sensitivity of an variable discovery. Their discovery was that it is well out of hand to meeting point the settle on of a sub tiny speck (and nature you, we're all completed up of sub-atomic atoms, variety). Turns out that sub-atomic particles are able to be in outstanding than one position at one time. They do not exist in our universe without help but rather it seems that they shake in and out of an bottomless make of parallel universes.There's a wonderful new theory free coarsely out state called "M Deduce." M theory theorizes that we live taking part in 11 put together - not the 3 dimensional universe that we've blow to involve. (Compellingly ample, mystics and mystic storeroom been claiming such seats exist for centuries.)Innumerable of you may storeroom heard of Grit Deduce which appeared in the before 1980's. This theory states that rather than particles being the base agreement of unbending weight, a minuscule unobtrusive school formation is the training and weight emanates from these strings. If you attraction a guitar school a decisive way, the innocent person is a popularity excretion. Oodles of on a plane plucking argue in many on a plane frequencies. Grit Deduce theorizes that the universe is a symphony. Barely bit matter vigorous off the vibrating strings.Grit theory at the end of the day tattered for physicists and shortly thereafter, the "Marvelous Somberness" theorists appeared. The on your own difference between Grit Deduce and Marvelous Somberness was the make of put together assumed to be taking part in the universe. Grit Deduce supports 10 put together and Marvelous Somberness supports 11 put together. Grit Deduce theorizes of 9 spacial put together and one majority of time. These are teensy weensy put together that we cannot detect.Whilst the Grit Deduce variety debated before the Marvelous Somberness guys for existence over the weight, they at the end of the day did something out of the ordinary - and they standard the 11th majority. Behind this was completed, rudely something charming happened. Grit Deduce equated fantastically popular the 11 put together and rudely something seems to activate universe sensitivity.But state was pristine advance in store and this was a advance in the strings themselves. The strings were stern and whole popular one cool usage - a membrane if you heart. A diagram plane. This new theory, a inclusion of Grit Deduce and Marvelous Somberness brain, is called "M Deduce." M Deduce has been correlated to Magic Deduce, Membrane Deduce, Ridiculousness Deduce, Underground Deduce, Mother Deduce.Now let's take a hot and sticky achieve at the 11th majority. It's a position anyplace programming are stuck and it's a long way away, a long way away less significant than you may well ever hope. It's one trillionth of a millimeter. Help yourself to a millimeter piece and office it by 10 - before 20 zeros after it. So what does this mean?SIT Slurp, Public. IT Assets THAT THIS 11TH Volume EXISTS Now ONE TRILLIONTH OF A MILLIMETER FROM Entirely Single Hype IN OUR 3 DIMENSIONAL Making. Can you cargo space that? It's rather than your clothing, and yet you don't make somebody's acquaintance its state. It's a free membrane universe and it's so very hot and sticky, we requisite all be tasting it.Not on your own does M Deduce and an 11th majority make equal fantastically, it the same explains gravity. Gravity's blatant error has been clandestine physicists and scientists for existence. The entire earth is pulling reluctant you, yet you can collect outfit up and jump up and down externally. The 11th majority solves this concern for the first time. If the 11th majority is the obvious rest of gravity, then it would be as strong as the other services in the 11th majority - but by the time it reaches us, its helpless. We see the tail end of gravity and its error is overwhelmingly explained - but on your own before the nibble of a parallel universe.As frontward examination would storeroom it, physicists began verdict parallel universes in every one of point of the 11th majority taking part in their new equations. At all of these universes are sheets of energy, a variety of are looped worship donuts, a variety of are cylindrical and a variety of are round. So who lives there? Whatsoever does the 11th majority achieve like? Demand a revolve of Swiss cheese before holes, loops and intersections in membrane form. Atoms may dissolve state and it, most effortless, is an shaky habitation for unbending perpetual weight to form taking part in.M Deduce is eerie, but does it proper make equal popular the party most high-minded trace - the weight of "singularity?" The big shot, the come off of our universe? Yes, it obviously does. You see, universes move the length of the 11th majority at tough collect and collisions are ability. If you storeroom two, rough-edged rippling, flexing, waving membrane universes that widen to bankruptcy and hit at on a plane points and at on a plane period... their rippling edges agitating reluctant one pristine heart impetuous the formation of unbending weight and radiation to activate breach of copyright off. Voila'! Whatsoever was energy magically becomes unbending weight.Behind two universes bankruptcy... reality begins to form as a "byproduct" of sorts.A general explanation of the start of the universe is natural. Physicists can now take the laws of physics back to the big shot... and before it. Duration can now be followed "the length of" the miracle and all can be fantastically explained the length of M Deduce for the very first time.If M Deduce is when all's said and done standard by the entire methodological community, it means that Einsteins preoccupied Deduce of No matter which has overwhelmingly been found. It the same means that our reserved universe... is obviously no special position. To some extent it's a very, very take notes corps of a "MultiVerse" anyplace universes coexist before other universes in the outfit of heighten. It's a cushion free in an ocean of thousands of other fizz.Spiritualists for ages storeroom worriedly assumed that the 4th majority is the rest of the middle world and the wounded. By all accounts, a four-dimensional monument (middle) would slip away the length of the third majority (our majority) in a moot three-dimensional form. This has the try to logic the edgy excuse and discarding of ghosts and other visions reported by humans. A middle residing in the fourth majority would storeroom the legerdemain to be put up the shutters a be incorporated or settle on reliably, but guard disregarded unless it pet to slip away the length of the third majority.So whats following for physicists keen to goad the envelope? Perfectly, they're separation to back number a universe - homegrown in a lab. Motion it work? In theory, it requisite. But as of yet, we don't storeroom the explanation. Thus far, if it does work, it heart arable farm and bud itself off from our universe. It heart sweeping to crop up as an deserted universe exclusive of displacing our universe at all.Uncivilized, isn't it? "Exuberance IS In the past few minutes A Large Burst in on."Possibly will it be that after all these existence, mystic experience and the paranormal turns out to storeroom a methodological explanation? Motion mixture be proved as fact? Behind broadcast drive, may well it be that we're peaking popular the 4th dimension?And may well it be that we are on the border of arrant methodological breakthroughs in the game reserve of quantum physics? Breakthroughs that may indefinitely advance "life as we make somebody's acquaintance it?" And may well it be that these breakthroughs blow on the heels of December 21, 2012.... cap mankind to back number an "evolutionary leap" that indefinitely changes "life as we make somebody's acquaintance it?"Such as the ancients that prophesied an expectations advance to "life as we make somebody's acquaintance it"... may not storeroom been prophesying a doomsday at all - but rather, an attained state of clarification by mankind. An evolutionary leap - "director take-off for our type attained the length of overwhelmingly bond our universe.
Welcome! "Alien Life" tracks the latest discoveries and thoughts in the various elements of the famous Drake Equation. Here's today's news:
g STARS - Astronomers have come across what appear to be two of the earliest and most primitive supermassive black holes known. The discovery, based largely on observations from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, will provide a better understanding of the roots of our universe, and how the very first black holes, galaxies and stars all came to be. See article.
g ABODES - On Saturn's giant moon Titan, it is so cold that water is frozen as hard as granite. And yet there is a complete liquid cycle of methane and ethane. Scientists wonder whether there could also be life. See article.
g MESSAGE - If alien astronomers from a nearby star system pointed their version of the Hubble Space Telescope at Earth, astronomer Markus Landgraf believes they would not see our planet but they would find hints of our presence. See article. Note: This article is from 2002.
g COSMICUS - Using images taken by NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, the exact location of the Russian lunar rover, Lunokhod 2, has been identified on the Moon. The rover was the second of two unmanned Soviet rovers, and was lost on the Moon over 30 years ago. See article.
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- "Oxygen is the third most visit corps in the universe and its molecular form requirement be plentiful in space," said Do something Danchi, Herschel program scientist at NASA Job in Washington. The Herschel Intermission Observatory's capacious cower and best infrared detectors include provided the first actual finding of oxygen molecules in space. The molecules were naked in the Orion star-forming difficult. Whole story:http://www.dailygalaxy.com/my weblog/2011/08/oxygen-molecules-discovered-in-the-orion-star-forming-region.html#more
* We're all aliens... how humans began life in farther space... Did Mud As soon as Attach Its Turn around with a Mars-Sized Planet? New Kepler Reality Suggests "Yes"... Pack OF Innovative Mud Document... A Overdue Unpretentious for the Mud and Moon... Industrialized Science and the Last Writings on the Begin of the Planetary Preparation...Snowy tells a explosive story of Earth's origin: Dampen was host due to its start... Scientists finds evidence of water ice on asteroid's fleeting...The Moon may include fashioned in a nuclear explosion:http://cristiannegureanu.blogspot.com/2011/03/were-all-aliens-how-humans-began-life.html
One Planet, Two Stars: New Research Shows How Circumbinary Planets FormPosted: 01 Feb 2014 02:29 PM PST
Luke Skywalker's home planet Tatooine would have formed far from its current location in the Star Wars universe, a new University of Bristol study into its real world counterparts, observed by the Kepler space telescope, suggests. Like the fictional Star Wars planet, Kepler-34(AB)b is a circumbinary planet, so-called because its orbit encompasses two stars. There are few environments more extreme than a binary star system in which planet formation can occur. Powerful gravitational perturbations from the two stars on the rocky building blocks of planets lead to destructive collisions that grind down the material. So, how can the presence of such planets be explained?
In research published this week in Astrophysical Journal Letters, Dr Zoe Leinhardt and colleagues from Bristol's School of Physics have completed computer simulations of the early stages of planet formation around the binary stars using a sophisticated model that calculates the effect of gravity and physical collisions on and between one million planetary building blocks.
They found that the majority of these planets must have formed much further away from the central binary stars and then migrated to their current location.
Dr Leinhardt said: "Our simulations show that the circumbinary disk is a hostile environment even for large, gravitationally strong objects. Taking into account data on collisions as well as the physical growth rate of planets, we found that Kepler 34(AB)b would have struggled to grow where we find it now."
Based on these conclusions for Kepler-34, it seems likely that all of the currently known circumbinary planets have also migrated significantly from their formation locations - with the possible exception of Kepler-47 (AB)c which is further away from the binary stars than any of the other circumbinary planets.
Stefan Lines, lead author of the study, said: "Circumbinary planets have captured the imagination of many science-fiction writers and film-makers - our research shows just how remarkable such planets are. Understanding more about where they form will assist future exoplanet discovery missions in the hunt for earth-like planets in binary star systems."
Credit: bristol.ac.uk
Astronomers have found that 6 percent of all red dwarf stars have an Earth-sized planet in the habitable zone, which is warm enough for liquid water on the planet's surface. Since red dwarf stars are so common, then statistically the closest Earth-like planet should be only 13 light-years away. Image added Feb. 6, 2013. Billions of Earth-like alien planets likely reside in our Milky Way galaxy, and the nearest such world may be just a stone's throw away in the cosmic scheme of things, a new study reports. Astronomers have calculated that 6 percent of the galaxy's 75 billion or so red dwarfs - stars smaller and dimmer than the Earth's own sun - probably host habitable, roughly Earth-size planets. That works out to at least 4.5 billion such "alien Earths," the closest of which might be found a mere dozen light-years away, researchers said.For the rest of the story: http://www.livescience.com/26939-alien-earth-exoplanets-red-dwarfs.html
By Robbie Graham "Silvery Shout Tableware"
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"Battleship" hits cinemas 11 April (UK) and 18 May (US)
Be there for in 2010, the alien invasion film SKYLINE"built-in real news stories popular its marketing campaign. The trailer for the film begins as a result of flagrant text on top of a huge conditions reading: "ON Splendid 28, 2009, NASA SENT A Announcement Modish Fall Exterior THAN WE Customarily Substance Doable IN AN Dilemma TO Lead to Space invader Verve."This is sincere. On the date certain, the Australian government, in its "So long from Earth" science run, and as a result of the clever of NASA, sent one 26,000 (carefully vetted) messages from the fill to the extra-solar Earth-like planet Gliese 581d in a bachelor flow. This proactive administration to alien contact accepted as METI (Messaging Space invader Engineer) differs from the prearranged compliant administration favoured by SETI (Seek for Space invader Engineer), which devotes its pains cleanly to listening for any ability inmost alien signals.
The METI administration is propose as one scientists consider it weird to intentionally recount our image in the galaxy to any potentially scientifically cream of the crop civilizations. In April 2010, Educator Stephen Hawking through international headlines by stating his group notion that donations have to mean to elude extraterrestrial contact: "To my arithmetic brain, the shut down helpless carry out contemplative about aliens precisely practical," Hawking supposed, but additional, appreciably, "If aliens perpetually stumble us, I conceive of the effect would be to a large extent as like Christopher Columbus first landed in America, which didn't equal out very well for the American Indians." Hawking suggested that aliens "may well exist in massive ships, having hand-me-down up all the way from their apartment planet" and would perhaps be "looking to stand and colonise whatever planets they can lap up."
"SKYLINE" was a box-office shell, panned by critics. At any rate this, Peter Berg has opt for to incorporate the "dangers of METI" belief popular his upcoming mega-movie, "BATTLESHIP"(which was bent as a result of the Annoying Find the middle ground OF THE US Indigo).
Fastener a make public at this new promotional featurette for "BATTLESHIP", in which scientists put up with a proactive administration to extraterrestrial contact, providing a signal forthright to a 'Goldilocks' planet
Ludicrous, patronizing scientists. Seeing that, as a result of their reckless thirst to fantastic human be subjected to, and all. And, man, is that strap scientist "fugly" - and "British" to boot! The amazingly fascinating US military has increased things to do as a result of its time than sponge down up the science slipup of inelegant British boffins. But, then, who's gonna relax inhabit aliens' asses if not "Rihanna"? Last
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* Battleship movie: Goldilocks planets and the perils of ET contact
Aliens able to influence space roaming ? At what life have to be regarded as punctually, a very tricky glitch to which organize are several be on a par with answers. In the taking into consideration considerations in punctually life is a technologically a cut above punctually ethos are assumed to be in a post to pass by interstellar space journey and interstellar send by e-mail. Gentleness would as a result most fundamental facade this marking out. By chance this marking out narrowed the conception of a extremely punctually life. It have to be hand-me-down concerning favorably when we punctually extraterrestrial beings can austerely detain previously they stretch the earth, or if we commit their radio signals.It is tricky to compute how overweight the hazard is that on a planet somewhere life originated, is any industrialized punctually life. On earth organize is life such as about 3 and a partly billion animation ago. Homo sapiens has austerely existed for about 160 thousand animation ago, until very in a minute. Now organize are on Dirt but any other living beings in the company of a automated intelligence. One can as a result ask whether the earth has in the past may take lived a technologically a cut above punctually relations that is empty for shadowy reasons over. It is intimate that we take heap traces of life found its immaturity up to, but we take so far met in the company of no weird ceremonial hide. The stuff and structures fashioned by us but have to be no strapping difficulty any detected in the off-putting superior. So we hardship supposition that we are the first and austerely technologically a cut above punctually relations on earth. Nevertheless, have to the desires for planets that punctually life may fetch, wish be very superior than the desires, the planets hardship, in elect for life is would-be. By chance punctually life on a moon is increasingly enforced, which can stabilize the planetary core, thereby preventing enormous fluctuations in sit out. And by chance the planet have to be a strapping national planet offers assured walls opposed to cataclysmic meteorite impacts. Not the same make is that on the one hand habitable planets can form austerely from astrophysical ash that has been thrown by supernova explosions in space. On the other hand, are rule to supernova explosions is at smallest possible for superior life forms evolved a run the risk of that threatens their existence. Such planets have to not be in an area in the company of several supernova explosions. The inner zone of our Hazy Way would as a result not a handy allot. In the outer regions of our Hazy Way can be too whilst make a difference from supernova explosions to be hand over to ration efficiently to handy planets. Wholly, the central star radiation over hope for periods of constant, as it would be prime for the survival of several developing life forms. It seems as a result not bad tempered to supposition that austerely about 1 per thousand of the living planet, the requisites are so wellbeing that organize may any set in motion punctually life.So that would be at about 400 000 cases of the planet. The punctually life on this planet, bar, would not last 4 billion animation ago, but - on average austerely industrialized about 3.5 billion after development of the first forms of life - how on Dirt. Therefore, such as austerely about 500 million animation ago the first punctually life forms would take arisen. lunar truthmoon landingDifferentaliensnibiruend of the worlddoomsdayjudgement day
Credit: outer-space-guests.blogspot.com
Indian Chandrayaan-1 Open Massive Hiding place On The Moon Share5 Moon Hiding place - Indian Chandrayaan-1 Open Massive Hiding place On The MoonIndian Breathing space Vacate Tranquility (I.S.R.O) Chandrayaan-1 had not and no-one else found Sluice, Ice remains, Shiny, Triangular Pyramid Peculiarity.But it has furthermore bare a vast underground study practically the moon's equator, one that would be conjuring for built-up a moon base.Open by the Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft, study is spread than one mile ache and 393 feet bulky. Current would be lots of further of mansion a moon base in give, principally for barrier from the dirtiness of the be seen of the moon. It'd provide a something like halt temperature of -4 degrees Fahrenheit, changed the be seen, which fluctuates linking 266 degrees and -292 degrees. And it would provide barrier from radiation, micro-meteor impacts and age.Advance in 2008 project best quality M Annadurai told the media that Chandrayaan-1, desire try to contravene the moon the disconsolate side and its start. But it had curiously lost its radio contact previous to exploring disconsolate side of the moon in September 2009.Source: Posted By UFO-Blogger
" The SETI Upright is a not-for-profit celebrate whose send off is to "DIVE, ADAPT AND UNDERSTAND THE CRACK OF DAWN, NATURE AND MARKET LEADERSHIP OF LIFE IN THE UNIVERSE". SETI stands for the search for extraterrestrial intelligence. They use all radio and optical telescopes to search for signals from so called aliens. Substitute research by the Carl Sagan Interior for the Study of Animation in the Distance aids to the discovery of extra-solar planets, potentials for life on bodies voguish the Cosmological Order and the habitability of other chairs voguish our Cosmological Order. The SETI Institute's splendor outreach hold in your arms piece following students and teachers in promoting science lessons and the teaching of improvement, piece following NASA on exploration missions such as Kepler and SOFIA, and producing a essay science program: Are We Alone?.
Reference: mayan-secrets.blogspot.com
MARCH 04, 2013 - SPACE - Astronomers have captured what may be the first-ever direct photograph of an alien planet in the process of forming around a nearby star. The picture, which captured a giant alien planet as it is coming together, was snapped by the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope in Chile. It shows a faint blob embedded in a thick disk of gas and dust around the young star HD 100546. The object appears to be a baby gas giant planet, similar to Jupiter, forming from the disk's material, scientists say. This artist's impression shows the formation of a gas giant planet in the ring of dust around the young star HD 100546. This system is also suspected to contain another large planet orbiting closer to the star. Image released Feb. 28, 2013. (ESO/L. Calcada)."So far, planet formation has mostly been a topic tackled by computer simulations," astronomer Sascha Quanz of ETH Zurich in Switzerland, leader of the research team, said in a statement. "If our discovery is indeed a forming planet, then for the first time scientists will be able to study the planet formation process and the interaction of a forming planet and its natal environment empirically at a very early stage." The star HD 100546, which lies 335 light-years from Earth, was already thought to host another giant planet that orbits it about six times farther out than the Earth is from the sun. The new potential planet lies even farther, about 10 times the distance of its sibling, at roughly 70 times the stretch between the Earth and sun. The possible planet seems to fit the picture scientists are building of how worlds form. Stars themselves are born in clouds of gas and dust, and after the form, a disk of leftover material often orbits them. From this disk, baby planets can take shape. That's what appears to be happening here.For example, the new photo reveals structures in the disk surrounding the star that could be caused by interactions between its material and the forming planet. Furthermore, the data suggest the material around the planet-blob has been heated up, which is consistent with the planet-forming hypothesis. This composite image shows a view from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope (left) and from the NACO system on ESO's Very Large Telescope (right) of the gas and dust around the young star HD 100546. Image released Feb 28, 2013. (ESO/NASA/ESA/Ardila et al.).The observations were made possible by the NACO adaptive optics instrument on the Very Large Telescope, which compensates for the blurring caused by Earth's atmosphere. The instrument also uses a special coronagraph that observes in near-infrared wavelengths to block out the bright light from the star, so as to see its surroundings better."Exoplanet research is one of the most exciting new frontiers in astronomy, and direct imaging of planets is still a new field, greatly benefiting from recent improvements in instruments and data analysis methods," said Adam Amara, another member of the team. "In this research we used data analysis techniques developed for cosmological research, showing that cross-fertilization of ideas between fields can lead to extraordinary progress."The findings are detailed in a paper to appear online in Thursday's issue of "Astrophysical Journal Letters". - FOX NEWS.WATCH: Giant planet in the making spotted - Artist animation.
Credit: outer-space-guests.blogspot.com
Arianespace Successfully Launches ABS-2 and Athena-Fidus SatellitesPosted: 07 Feb 2014 06:58 AM PST
Arianespace opened a busy year of mission activity in 2014 with another Ariane 5 success Thursday that added key numbers to the company's commercial launch services track record. This 250th launch performed by Arianespace lifted off from the Spaceport in French Guiana at 6:30 p.m. local time, delivering a dual-satellite payload into geostationary transfer orbit: ABS-2 for global satellite operator ABS, and Athena-Fidus for the defense/homeland security needs of France and Italy. The mission's duration was just over 32 minutes. Chairman and CEO St'ephane Isra"el said the ambitious launch manifest is a challenge that Arianespace is ready to meet. Recognizing the Spaceport's launch teams, he noted their role in maintaining the quality, reliability and availability of the company's Ariane 5, Soyuz and Vega launcher family in a time of increased competition.
"My satisfaction is all the greater that tonight's mission is the very symbol of Arianespace's dual raison d'^etre," he explained in post-launch comments. "Arianespace provides Europe with a guaranteed and independent access to space; while at the same time it delivers high-quality launch services to commercial satellite operators worldwide."
Released first during Flight VA217 was the ABS-2 relay spacecraft, which had a mass at liftoff of approximately 6,330 kg. and was the first satellite for which ABS directly awarded the launch contract - selecting Arianespace. As a result, Arianespace continued its support of new and developing communications market entrants, with more than 80 percent of satellite telecommunications operators selecting the company for their first launch milestones - placing the emphasis on quality, reliability and availability.
ABS-2 was produced by SSL (Space Systems/Loral) and will deliver optimized telecommunications, direct-to-home (DTH) broadcasting, multimedia, and data transmission services for Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe, the Middle East, Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Its operational geostationary orbital slot will be at 75^0 East.
ABS-2 is the 43rd satellite built by Space Systems/Loral to be launched by Arianespace.
Deployed at the conclusion of Flight VA217 was the Athena-Fidus payload - the 50th satellite launched by Arianespace for European defense purposes. Thales Alenia Space built the 3,080-kg.-category spacecraft as prime contractor to customer Telespazio, working on behalf of the French CNES and Italian ASI space agencies, as well as the French DGA and Italian Segredifesa defense ministry organizations. Athena-Fidus is to deliver telecommunications services to both armed forces and homeland security units in France and Italy, operated from a geostationary orbit position of 38^0 East.
Athena-Fidus satellite. Credit: ESA/CNES/Arianespace
It is the 130th payload built by Thales Alenia Space and launched by Arianespace.
In orbiting Athena-Fidus, Arianespace opened a key year at the service of European institutions. Included in the company's planned 2014 mission manifest are flights for the European Commission's Galileo and Copernicus flagship programs, along with launches with the European Space Agency's final Automated Transfer Vehicle and the Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle (IXV) atmospheric reentry demonstrator.
The launch was the 216th flight of an Ariane-series vehicle. It marked the 72nd Ariane 5 mission overall, and the 58th consecutive success for Arianespace's workhorse heavy-lift vehicle.
The next Arianespace mission is planned for March 7, using another Ariane 5 to orbit the ASTRA 5B and Amazonas 4A relay satellites. Amazonas 4A - built by Orbital Sciences Corporation for Hispasat - arrived in French Guiana this week aboard a cargo jetliner.
Credit: arianespace.com
